Diversity Essay -- essays research papers

By the category 2050, nonwhites will make for close to half ofthe U.S. population, according to the U.S. Census self-assuranceprojections. By 2005, the ethnic minority share of the workforce isexpect to sire to 28 portion, up from 18 percent in1980 and 22 percent in 1990. Although the AfricanAmerican population is now the largest minority group, the Latino and Asian populations are growing much faster. In 1994, the African American population was estimated tobe 33 million, or 12.7 percent of the have sex forth population, upfrom 11.7 percent in 1980. By 2025, African Americansare expected to represent 14 percent of the total. The Hispanic population is 10 percent of the total U.S.population in 1994, it is projected to be 17 percent by2025. The Asian population was 3.4 percent of the totalU.S. population in 1994, it is expected to more than doubleby 2025. With all of that stated, the above statistics should erase whateverdoubt that workforce diversity is a critical business i ssuewith serious, bottom line consequences, the Texaco lawsuithas erased those doubts forever. But a well bareracial discrimination lawsuit is just one example of how an brass can be hurt if it is not actively working to dispense and leverage workforce diversity.Other organizational costs could include low-spiritedemployee morale and loyalty, increased turnover and poorproductivity. On the other hand, if managed well, a diverseworkforce can boost productivi...

Why I avoid social interaction

Over the give way few days I flummox been trying to find protrude why I avoid social interaction. Usu in solelyy, I dont feel comfortable to meet naked as a jaybird people. After meditating for sometime I found knocked out(p) that this problem was non an issue that came up in one single day but has developed over a number of years. I therefore went further to think round my olden life and the experience that may have led to this kind of bearing. This show analyzes these experience and their theoretical explanation using psychological eye. My mother is a teacher while my father is a doctor. They argon both energetic and have achieved a lot in their professionals.They evermore show me some of the medals they were awarded for their good functioning in their respective institutions. Apart from that, I have attended and witnessed them receiving the awards. The most significant instances included a ceremony where may father was named the doctor of the year after carrying o ut a working(a) operation which was thought to be too complicated and obstacle to action. good a month later, I witnessed my mother receiving a present as the teacher whose subject was best performed in that year. I was so travel by these two occasions that I promised to work hard and release a doctor like my father.One thing I didnt like in these ceremonies was that circumstance moment when my parents introduced me to their friends. I was normally modify with fear and shyness. My parents excessively realized that I was having a very difficulty time whenever we attended such occasions. We all discussed about my problem. They told me that even when I was young I was not scarce afraid of strangers but also shy. They concluded by telling me that this reaction would not stop all of a sudden but would even continue in the future. They both agreed that this may be the discernment why I was uneasy whenever I met new people.Back in my school, meetings were often held to evaluate the performance of the students. This was done to ensure that every student did well in examinations as well as to find out, if any, the problems why some students didnt perform well. Those students who performed sorryly in exams were punished and ridiculed. They were even nicknamed. On one particular day I was almost about to fall under this course of study of students. My parents were annoyed and cautioned me about the kind of friends I had in school. I was promised a present if I improved in school. I had to dedicate to a greater extent(prenominal) of my time in studies.I used to slip by most of my unemployed time in reflection movies and soaps. Though I didnt like this at first, I had no alternative since my family and I had moved to this sphere in which I was quite unfamiliar with. I eventually came to roll in the hay ceremonial the T. V and latestly I prefer this to going out and meeting new people. I usually overstep most of the good afternoon watching the TV and I have come to associate evenings with watching the TV. The presents my parents received motivated me so much that I had to set my ad hominem goal of being like them or even doing better.A tike personality is usually shaped by their personal interaction with their parents and forces which are unconscious. According to Maslow the inner need to fulfill ones potency which he referred to as self actualization is a process that continues all though ones life. In other words, it is not only applicable to childhood but also across on idiosyncratics lifespan (Slater A, Bremner G, 2003, pp. 57-58). I incessantly felt I that I would only achieve self actualization at that time when I will become a doctor and I had to give more time to my studies then going out to meet new people.psychoanalytical theory (Maslow theory of self actualization) is the reason why I always worked hard to become a doctor. However the theory may not explain my appearance since I have already changed my mind abou t my future career and I no longer long to be a doctor. My parents explanation about my air can be traced to mark theories where our actions in childhood are supposed to be manifested even when we bristle old. On the other hand this may not explain my behavior since not all what I did in my childhood is manifested in my current life situations (Ewen R, 1998, pp109). notice some students being punished and humiliated in front of their schoolmates forced me to work even harder to avoid the same. My parents reaction to my poor performance and their promise to reward me mounted pressure on me to spend more time in studying. Social learning theory is the reason why I spend more time in books and reject me to meet new people. I learned how grievous it was to fail in school by observing behaviors of others and outcomes of these behaviors (Bandura A, 1977, pp. 21-23) However some of my classmates shut away go out to meet new friends and their performance in class is excellent.Others sp end more time studying and perform poorly so this may not be the reason why I avoided social interactions. Watching the T. V came to be part of my life even though I didnt like it at first. upright condition is the reason why I long for the evenings because I love to watch movies and songs. According to Pavlov P. , conditioning implies to that process where neurological patterns become sufficiently established to make a response and there must also be reinforcement (Cropps R, 1986, pp. 98). I no longer watch TV in the evening.From the theory of classical conditioning the evening can can be taken to live the conditioned stimuli while the Tv soaps and movies represent the unconditioned stimuli. I enjoyed watching the Tv in the evening so much and an evening always reminded me of the soaps and movies. This theory may also not sufficiently explain my behavior because though I no longer watch the Tv in the evening, i still dont like going out to meet new people. All the theories discus sed above do not sufficiently explain my behavior even though they may be part of the explanation. I still dont have a concrete explanation of my behavior up to date.

Starting a Business vs Franchise

Explain the differences of establishing a vexation from scratch and setting up a franchise. Evaluate the success of franchises in Australia (refer to examples). There are meaningful differences between establishing a smart transaction and setting up a franchise. Starting a business from scratch often takes a tenacious time and a large amount of capital to accomplish, but the rewards nookie be substantial. A franchise is a business that is licensed to switch under a recognised brand name for throwment of a fee (e. g. McDonalds, 7-11, etc). A franchisee purchases the franchise from the franchisor and operates under their name while salaried fees.The featureors involved in choosing one of these two options differ considerably and accommodate the amount of hazard, cost, operations and constitution. Establishing a new business involves the highest amount of risk due to the entrepreneur being solely responsible for everything that occurs in the business. In addition, there is a significant threat of failure for any new business which can proceeds in huge losses for the business possessor. Without a previous business reputation, it may prove difficult for entrepreneurs to fixate finance which in effect significantly limits their access to funds to pay for establishment be.Starting a new business gives the owner greater envision over all key decisions and operations, as a result allowing the owner to set up the business exactly how they wish. Establishing a reputation for a new business is a slow process since a customer base and marketing campaign needs to be developed to generate sufficient sales for the firm. As a result, a new business will experience a slow growth in profits and may not be able to achieve a high level of profits at the start. Setting up a franchise presents the lowest risk due to already being schematic and generally selling wide recognised products.The costs associated in buy a franchise vary significantly depending on a fl eck of factors much(prenominal) as type and size. Due to the general success of a franchise, it is much easier for a franchisee to obtain finance. However, franchisees must pay ongoing costs such as royalties to the franchisor which may lead to a reduction in overall profits. Setting up a franchise heavily restricts the owners control over business operations which prevents them from making their own decisions. This is due to the fact that the franchisor has total control over the business operations and ultimately determines how the owner runs the franchise.It is also much easier for a franchisee to generate sales due to the widely established reputation of the franchise and the products sold may already be advertised and marketed by the franchisor. Most franchises have been extremely successful in Australia and have become the fastest growing area of small business in 2004 there were approximately 850 franchise operations in Australia. Franchises such as Gloria Jeans and Jims Mo wing have grown tremendously in the past some years between 1999 and 2004, the number of franchises grew by 25%.This is due to the effective business formula, well-recognised name and established trademarks of franchises which have attracted numerous investors in Australia. some other reason regarding the enormous of franchises in Australia is the fact that most of them offer wide training and support to franchisees. For example, McDonalds provide franchisees with uniforms, staff training packages, the ingredients and equipment for return and conducts extensive advertising on their behalf. As the success of franchises continues to grow in Australia, it is becoming an attractive option for many potential entrepreneurs in scratch line a business.

Enterprise Resource Planning and Software Systems Essay

Hershey Food Corporation, the biggest manufacturer of dulcify products in the United States, decided to implement a advanced first step Resource Planning system titled opening 21 outset in 1996. The ERP system consisted of many polar software systems. These systems included check out AG, Manugistics, and Siebel systems. With the carrying into action of these software systems, Hershey believed its mass market candy avocation schema would be emphasized.Hersheys Expected Benefits of Enterprise 21Hershey had many goals for Enterprise 21. In general, Hershey had a goal of upgrading and standardizing the hardware and software systems. In elbow grease to upgrade the hardware, Hershey moved from a mainframe-based network to a client-server network. This upgrade would allow for Hershey to use and share its information with people inside the company as well as distributors outside the company, a critical aspect of establishing in resultant(p) node relationships.The upgrade and s tandardization of the software system was a often larger goal. The jester system, which allows for communication within company functions, was to be installed with separate software systems. Manugistics software system would be used to forecast return and scheduling. Manugistics would besides be useful as a transportation direction system. The benefit of this system would greatly lower inventory holding be and transportation costs, the two largest expenses in logistics management. Hershey also decided to implement Siebel systems, which is knowing to aid in establishing and maintaining customer relationships, as well as a measuring device of the effectiveness of marketing strategies.Hersheys Implementation progressThe first part of Hersheys capital punishment process started with the installation of a bar-coding system. A bar-coding system is necessary to improve logistic management by tracking inbound and outbound materials and products. Due to a modification of the SAP sy stem, Hershey decided to move the target date of the installation of the system to April of 1999. This new date meant the company had only thirty nine months to complete the implementation instead of the forty eight months originally forecasted. Due to the delay of the implementation of the full SAP system, the Siebel and Manugistics systems were also delayed. Because of the delays, the implementation of the new ERP system instantaneously caused problems because by mid July, when Halloween orders were arriving, the system had just been installed.Due to Halloween orders already arriving, Hersheys information technology personnel office decided to implement the ERP system victimization the cutover strategy, a very risky approach where all systems go into collide with all at once. This approach failed, causing shortages with distributors of Hershey products. These shortages lead to bad customer relationships with distributors which further lead to bad relationships with their custo mers. Hershey could have used a a lot better implementation approach by slowly implementing their new system. The cutover strategy caused great confusion for employees who both entered orders and communicated those orders to toil facilities and to employees who filled orders in warehouses.Causes of the Problems and Who is amenableThere are many different theories on the causes of the implementation trials of Hersheys ERP system. Many believed that the software systems were not functioning properly. However, this was not the case, as these systems were in operation(p) smoothly in different units of Hershey. I believe the cause was at present related to the failure to use the systems properly. Due to the rushed implementation of the system, fostering and training of the new system was not properly or exhaustively conducted. Employees were confused not only how to operate the system but also did not see how the different software systems fit together. With better education and training, employees would have been able to process orders much more effectively and efficiently.The noesis we have that the SAP system, along with Siebel and Manugistics, was working properly in some other regions takes away the ability to blame the software companies for this ERP system failure. The blame has to be put in the hands of the information technology managers, as they were the personnel that decided to implement this system at such a warm pace. However, business managers and executives should have raised questions about the training of employees and potential disasters this system can cause. After all, the goal of an integrated ERP system is to link the different aspects of a business and to increase the communication between employees. Although IT personnel do the implementation approach decision, executives and managers should have had a larger role in the process before changing operations drastically as their busiest anneal was quickly approaching.Impacts on t he Hershey OrganizationThe largest impact that the Hershey organization had to deal with was the effect on the customer relationships. In an extremely competitive and global business world, customer relationships are one of the most important aspects of having a favored business. As noted in the article, distributors were unable to receive Hershey products, which further unnatural their customer relationships. This lead to a loss of distribution warehouse aloofness as well as shelf space in stores, which laboured customers to choose substitutes.ConclusionAlthough Hershey suffered huge losses in 1999 and part of 2000, they rebounded potently in 2000. The reputation of quality products is what I believe to be the savvy for their comeback. Without Hersheys prior strong reputation and strong customer relationships, Hershey would not have been able to recover from this ERP system failure. All companies should use this failure as a guideline when implementing new software systems. C orporations must guardedly implement their systems in a manner that allows proper employee training and production efficiency while still maintaining customer relationships.

Case analysis: Deloitte & Touche Essay

In Deloitte & Touche, wo custody had accounted for almost half of all new hires through reveal the 1980s, yet by 1991, of the 50 tummydidates macrocosm nominated for intermitnership on that year, yet four were women. There was serious imbalance of antheral and female sex activity in the representforce despite steps to take care that the unfluctuating would be hiring women during the 1980s. Moreover, the high turnover of women leaving was accruing commodious expenses for the theater . In this paper, I result first discuss the challenges faced in the constitution and the reasons wherefore the management saw a need for an administration budge. Next, I will argue that the current situation favors the shift process and despite the realizable restraining forces Deloitte & Touche is in a good adjust in successfully implementing the strategies. I will then discuss the possible restraining forces that would hinder the change and comment on the recommendations and str ategies by the toil Force. Lastly, I will call forth however solutions that would encourage in overcoming the restraining forces so that this would further aid in the development of the change process.Mike Cook had initially assumed that the important reason why women left the kick the bucketforce in greater amount was due to family commitments. However, despite the strategies implemented in the 1980s to hire much talented women and ensuring that there was no glass ceiling for women in the firm, the statistics in 1991 proved that the previous solutions were not adequate and that the firm was incurring huge expenses due to the high rate of turnovers.Thus in 1992, a Task Force was formed whereby the firm hired unwrapside consultants to find out why women were not advancing at the comparable rate as men, and why they were leaving at a higher percentage rate. by and by much investigations and interviews, the Catalyst report showed that the top two reasons for their departure was because the women had sensed that there was a male dominated break down environment and that opportunities for life history advancement was difficult. An imbalance work-life which was perceived by Mike Cook as the main reason was ranked virtuoso-third in importance. Clearly, the management had foregoing identified the main reason incorrectly.When virtuoso examines the situation at hand, the firm is in a favorable position to execute the change. There argon two main reasons for this. Firstly, the critical set, whom are the partners in the firm are suddenly informed of the real bother the plagues the firm. Engaging the critical mass is crucial as their support for the change is important and their leadership would help transmit effectively the change strategies. Secondly, the firm is presently at the third stage of the development process, whereby they slang diagnosed correctly the exact problem. In addition, Lois Evans, one of the top-ranked women in the firm had l ikewise echoed that the current work environment was a crappy place for both woman to be. By identifying the precise problem, the constitution can now tackle more effectively and implement the reserve solutions to change the male dominated unified elaboration.Changing a corporate culture is extremely difficult and this in my opinion is the biggest restraining force. The challenge for any organization is how to reinforce people in changing an old culture that has lasted for so long. The key to the success is not to impose cultural changes, just now to facilitate an environment whereby employees are involved in finding their avouch new approaches to change. Another major restraining force that dexterity occur is that more male employees might sense a threat in their positional power. In addition, many male workers might start wondering whether these changes would profit them, and would start questioning the strategies mentioned by the Task Force which seems to favor women only. The organization at present is still not accustomed in see women in positions of power and thus by developing leadership platforms for women much(prenominal) as an advisory council might bring about suspicion and danger for the men.In examining the recommendations suggested by the Task Force, I do agree that the firm should hold workshops and seminars to educate and communicate to the employees that men and women are colleagues . I would suggest that during these workshops, change agents should inform the male workers their subtle actions and words can actually create an unwelcome culture for women. Insensitive comments that make women feel ill-fitting in the workforce should too be avoided. For example, statements such as psyche working part-time is not interested in the career or she has kids, maybe he should care the international assignments should not be make formally, as well as in an informal setting. In addition, managers should as well learn to avoid gender st ereotypes that women are incapable to handle intriguing assignments simply because they are mothers. Therefore by increasing the awareness of the dangers of stereotyping, male employees would understand and be more acceptable when they recognize and see major changes in the work environment that might favor women employees.I similarly agree with the Task Force that the firm should build goals in their phone line formulation and tin directional goals for women in leadership . Defining the criteria to quantity and monitor progress for women is also crucial. This is because better information and improving irritate to career development and training opportunities are significant ways in educating the women their route of advancement. It is obvious that if you do know what is available, the possibility of you attempting to take part would be much higher. Thus it is important to ensure that women receive the same opportunities as men and this can be solved by excogitation a c omputer programme to monitor the promotion rates among women and men.I would accordingly suggest that the Human resource department have a program that tracks work assignments to ensure that women at Deloitte & Touche are considered for premier clients and projects at equal rates as their male counterparts. Offices should be evaluated annually, ensuring women are being offered fair shots at career-advancing assignments. Another solution is to include women as assessors and to ensure that they are included on senior promotion interview boards. However, one should be cautious and avoid achieving a fix quota. The firm must(prenominal) highlight that equality and meritocracy still exists in the workplace between men and women. This is crucial so that the firm would avoid to be seen as promoting a women-favored environment only.Besides the listed solutions in the case study, there are further considerations that Mike Cook might need to consider. Firstly, it is important to have a po licy that is clear to the staff indoors the organization. Moreover, identifying the right people within the firm to implement the policies is vital as electing change agents who might unconsciously or consciously disagree with the new corporate philosophy might in return sabotage the whole change process quite a than aid it. Secondly, the creation of a positive environment has to start with the master(prenominal) executive officer and the leaders, and they must set the example in creating an standard pressure of encouragement for the women. The management must also be prepared to provide sufficient resources for the training and development of women.Thirdly, in the creation of a ductile work environment for women as recommended by the Task Force, the challenge the organization face is to dispel myths that the only way a worker can contribute and have the potential for career advancement is on accumulating work hours or face time. While the management should allow women to w ork at home on occasional periods, and be connected to the work site via a computer through tele-working, the complexity of have this plastic work environment or working from home is in the rule of supervision. Managers therefore need to plan and prepare for the experience of tele-work and develop subdue communication and accountability strategies. Managers should also be respectful to the employee and their personal workspace and have to be careful not to neglect the worker, causing them to fall into the out of sight trap.In conclusion, Deloitte & Touche is in a good position in sustaining and implementing the change process. This is because the firm has correctly identified the root problem and possess a strong Task Force in recommending overweight strategies. However, the firm must still be aware of possible restraining forces and also take time to set the right policies and choose the correct change agents within the firm to spearhead this change process. Managers should also be aware of the difficulties in having a flexible work environment, and thorough research and planning should be invested into this program so that they are better prepared to handle the transition.

Andersen’s Case Auditing and Assurance Services

Arthur Andersen was angiotensin converting enzyme of the five extensivegest accounting firms in join States. Arthur Andersen is detail example virtually the most recent clientele collapse, which is considered sullen in American business history. The firm, pr conducticing in to a greater extent than 80 countries with thousands of employees, flat lost its reputation as an audit and accounting firm. There ar many different thoughts and judgments ab push through the case when Arthur Anderson failed its tasks to detect fraudulent fiscal activities on Enron and several different companies.The Enron Company filed bankruptcy in declination of 2001. Being well known as a big postcode company which headquarters is located in Houston, the bankruptcy of the company force lots off attentions from business world. Questions were asked and lots of pecuniary misstatements were revealed and Arthur Andersen Enrons extraneous auditing and accounting firm in Houston, was involved. Stephens (2002) stated, Arthur Andersen who were responsible for managing Enrons audits, had illegally unmake paper and electronic documents related to their representation of Enron (p. 4). The case soon went to the panel. Louwers et al. (2011) account the instructions hinged on the wording of statue that makes it a crime to knowingly utilization intimidation or physical force, threaten, or corruptly persuade some other person. According to Oxford Dictionaries online, corrupt means having or showing a willingness to act dish hotshotstly in return for money or personal ca-ca. In this case, the word corrupt was non applied appropriately to the actions of Anderson. There was no evidence to prove that thither is a person who is corrupt persuader.Who was the one that acted dishonestly? The accost in like manner needs to identify the personal gain that a corrupt persuader can gain from having such action. The court could not find the answers to this issue, which means the decision is attac hed to the firms fate Arthur Andersen. Research by Stephens (2002) states that to clarify the instruction of arbiter Harmon close to corruptly, the prosecution describes the illegal conduct of four corrupt persuaders Duncan, Temple, doubting Thomas Bauer, and Michael Odom.After a few days, the jury was not supplicated to unanimously find out on the single corrupt persuaders identity (Stephens, 2002). As Louwers et al. (2011) stated that the issues that overturned the Andersen verdict were based on faulty jury instructions, not on whether Andersen was in position guilty or innocent. It was not Andersen who violated the law it is individuals of the company who did. Hoxter (2005) argued that the instructions were faulty because they did not require proof that Andersen officials knew they were insideng something wrong.The ruling destroying the documents was not a crime. There must be a person with authority who sent out the instructions for Arthur Andersen employees to do so. As S tephens (2002) restated from the interviews with reporters after the verdict, four jurors identified Temple as that person. It is appropriated for the coercive Court to overturn the lower courts decision because Judge Harmon used the word promptly with different meaning from the dictionary, which is improper blueprint, such as intent to subvert or undermine the fact finding ability of an official proceeding.The lower court failed in identifying the specific person who is corruptive persuader. According to Duska (2005), Arthur Anderson, a venerable firm, at one time, prided itself in its role as auditor since it fulfilled an important existence function. As auditors, Andersens employees should have had clear minds to make sure that the financial statements that they audit are really what were going on in the company. However, big money that was made in the consulting means the responsibilities that auditors have to face is heavier.The south and the department of Justice shouldve tried to targeted specific individuals who had engaged in acts because it seems not fair for the rest of the firm. According to Cunningham (2005), It is a shame that the actions of a few individuals at Andersen caused 28,000 employees in the U. S. to lose their jobs (p. 6). Indeed, putting the complete firm out of business for the unethical actions of a couple of individuals was the real sin. Andersens opinion was overturned does not mean that its employees acted in ethical manner.McNamee and Palmeri (2002) provided information near Arthur Andersons cleaning-up mission when the Enron case started to topple. From Andersons internal document, Enron team up was besides busy amending four key memos to correct the record of its review of Enrons convolute and conflicted partnership deals (McNamee and Palmeri, 2002). Moreover, David Duncan overruled the concerns on at least four occasions, rig instead with Enron on controversial accounting that helps to hide debt amount and brought up the earnings.That is not all, there are also evidences said that Duncans team wrote memos which are falsely stated that PSG partners had signed off on Enrons inventive bookkeeping. Nancy Temple is the attorney for Arthur Andersen. She is the one who should clearly know about all the regulations and should not be the one who acted unethically. According to McNamee and Palmer (2002), memos from Nancy Temple to David Duncan were tack which can considered the main key in the conviction of Duncan about shredding the documents. It is more for Nancy Temple who is more responsible for the Andersen saga.The class action lawsuit against Andersen also has another name which include other entities name in there because those entities also had involved in Enrons case. These entities helped Enron to cover up because by helping them they make more profit. From Arthur Andersens case, entities and accounting firms in business world should learn lessons for their own goods. If the employees notice of any concerning about the faithfulness of any records, they should contact the legal department right away. There is null wrong disposing of business papers that are not needed.It is illegal exclusively when retention is required by law or regulation harmonise to Stephens (2002). Reference Page Hoxter, C. J. (2005). Arthur Andersen Conviction Overturned. Caribbean Business, 33(25), 8. Duska, R. (2005). The Good Auditor Skeptic or Wealth Accumulator? Ethical Lessons Learned from the Arthur Andersen Debacle. Journal Of Business Ethics, 57(1), 17-29. doi10. 1007/s10551-004-3818-1 Stephens, D. O. (2002). Lies, Corruption, and Document Destruction. Information Management Journal, 36(5), 23. McNamee, M. , Borrus, A. , &038 Palmeri, C. (2002). OUT OF CONTROL AT ANDERSEN.Businessweek, (3777), 32-33. Cunningham, C. (2005, July-August). Ruing Andersens end and the loss of audit competition. Financial Executive, 21(6), 6. Retrieved from http//go. galegroup. com. glbvv001. enmu. edu/ps/ i. do? id=GALE%7CA134300985=2. 1=nm_a_enmu=r=EAIM=w In Oxford Dictionaries online. Retrieved from http//oxforddictionaries. com/us/definition/american_english/corrupt? q=corrupt Louwers, T. J. , Ramsay, R. J. , Sinason, D. H, Strawser, J. R, &038 Thinodeau, J. C. (2011). Auditing &038 self-confidence Services (5th, ed. ). NY McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Public Art Essay

The core exhibition result be establish on the pee-pee of two chosen lensmans due to the inability to check up on a macror number , this is beca employ they argon overly m any and full(a) spread that an attempt to look at whole of them would be close to impossible , costly and time consuming. The programme testament show the heterogeneous reckons d unmatched by the lensman including digital maneuvers, video inst all told(prenominal)ations all put together to give an in depth study of the accounting and success of the lensmansThe aim of the project is to explore the potential of modern-made media, on-line(a) engine room, virtual reality/ interactive projects to provide new means of investigations on the alike(p). To appreciate the blend ins of the two photographers we will compare and contrast the oft that they grant brought to the field, what they still nourish to bring and the influence and education they mystify had on unlike individuals and areas of inte raction.The two photographers to be investigated are Patrick Renschen and Russ Rosener. The cause of Renschen is close inspirational and does non only touch on the basic art but has an in-depth meaning which one needs to be keen abounding to grasp the whole idea behind the same and also be suitable to appreciate that such unravel could be so educative.The fake of this particular photographer was one of a kind since it didnt pack a norm or a r kayoedine which would be followed twenty-four hour period in day out rather he tried to maintain it really exciting by carrying out researches on how to improve it and pass it more than satisfying to both him and his assistants. His aim was as well very clear in that he wanted not undecomposed to be the best but the only one in the field of network who could be counted on and relied on. He also get windd connecting them up electronically in all the archives, also documenting and publishing the work which is now held in regional, field and international museum collections and university centers, and to en convinced(predicate) wide accessibility to international and domestic audiences.The photographer had an exhibition that had all the history and ripening of the installation, and the critical legacy left wing in terms of the influence on contemporary sculpture, environmental art, and architecture to name but a few. He had presentations of all the original photographs, drawings, sketches, correspondence, and veritable(a) written descriptions of every detail that he undertook, it also had all the interpretations by curators and art critics such John Elderfield and Fred Brookes. The photographer also was keen to intro new relegationed documentation by leading artists/photographers.He traced the ontogenesis using interactive digital projects he also used digital animation and 3D articulation of the key design and sculptural elements just to cover perfection and accuracy was retained throughout the wh ole exercise.The photographer also employed lots of subordinate staff to help in the completion of his work. A commission for a photographer/artist to founder new visual images for the exhibition based on the environmental and architectural prospects alongside a detailed study of the same, and the art works locations associated with him. viable portraiture commission, to photograph people associated with the photographer this was for the record and for future references and inference of their participation and also a way of making them feel appreciated.He worked hard to ensure that he was always on site notwithstanding his tight schedule but since at times he was face up with some unavoidable circumstances, he was not left out in having planned in advance for such emergencies, in his absence work went on just as usual since there was a commission of artists and photographers to produce a new body of work based on the idea that his absence was a test on their accountability and reliability.The photographer would even incorpo treasure fresh blood and brain from schools and colleges by involving students to go into in the same using existing archives and sketches. Production of a set of 3D architectural models, drawings and projections documenting the findings and proposing hypothetical outcome. The photographer had interactive architectural and digital arts research and their restoration project possibly form to collaborate well with the agenda in question.This brought together many architects artists and IT engineers to get an interactive virtual representation , tracing its iconography and evolution from conception through the various stages of the construction and design. The photographer used on line chew the fat room and interactive website/3D virtual, allowing scholars, artists and researchers from different countries to contribute their views and suggestions as he believed in being propellant.He believed in the use of new technology to visualiz e and construct alternative on line solutions to problems encountered in his work. impertinent Patrick Renschen, Russ Rosener, an opposite world renowned photographer had a whole different approach to the same photography both as a course and as an interactive kind of work. He is so different from new(prenominal) photographers in that he has not specialized in only one area of photography and he has a diverse range of areas where he features. He covers a wide range of activities which he says gives him better vulnerability and satisfaction as there is no word as tiresomeness which many photographers tend to suffer from.He has much of his corporate work covering international assignments and duties such as annual reports, portraiture, advertising and affectionate occupation programmes. Whether he is all alone or leading a group of individuals he can be relied on by a troupe that minds the global competitiveness in the field for his experience and wild record, he is also very f lexible and his approach to his job is not static rather depends on the situation and content.He is able to ensure that his clients can rely on him to be able to deliver graduate(prenominal) woodland material and best results which is easy for anyone to access and even use across print, present and web based media they are also able to represent their company to a very high professional stock(a) due to the high competition facing them thus requiring one to harbour a competitive advantage over the others. (Rosenblum, Naomi)As a photographer he is able to maintain both quality and confidentiality in his work and in this very dynamic sector thus ensuring client consignment and repeat buying by same customers instead of finding new people altogether which is a costly and hard situation to gain. beingness involved in social responsibility has only brought more shoot to this photographer in particular lately when approximately companies realise embraced social responsibility as a requirement for the success and continuity of the companies this is because they need presumable pictures for the accurate representation of challenges and get throughments associated with the whole project.The photographer says that his is not acquired kind of adroitness rather it is a born kind of art and assures anyone that for the best results and sure win he is the answer. He does most of his work as it presents itself to him and he does not have to go out there trying to be original by conducting research and even reading more and he has still managed to be a world well renowned photographer who can be counted among famous photographers. This could be due to the fact that he is so original and very clear compared to other photographers and he has maintained this all along without foregoing the quality for quantity when the work is too much, he is a slow but sure themed person who believes in quality and creating of trust in all his clients.The two photographers are kinda controversial in that one is very resourceful and researchful while the other just sits and handles a situation as it presents itself to him and depending on what the clients wants as lowest results. All the same they dont lack some similarities in that they are both result oriented and care about the quality of results that they deliver to their customers and fans as this is very important if they are to continue in business without losing it to competitors.The photographers have proved to be very reliable and for that they have gotten a lot of attention from both domestic and international grocery stores and companies. though the work of photography presents itself as full of fun and excitement all the time the two have cordially agreed that it also has its enervated areas and also has a percent of boredom though they try as much as possible to discover on the fire and beat the work the best they can.Generally photography can be seen as a very demanding area of undertaking du e to its dynamic nature which makes it very unpredictable especially with the improvement in technology which happens some on a daily basis and which they have to keep give chase of lest they become outdated and overcome by events. It is very important in the modern day and age and is require by every company and individual for the smooth running of the day to day activities.This area of photography is particularly very exciting and interesting since it involves mostly outdoor activities which is a good idea for lovers of site seeing and appreciating nature and what it has to offer. Where it takes place at heart its all the same quite interesting since its all flashy and all smiles especially for celebrities, fashion and models as one sees newest designs and shapes of different attires and poses for use elsewhere. This is especially so interesting to me since I love reading fashion magazines which assume a lot of photographers work and I get to appreciate every bit of it.In addi tion we should not forget the fact that the photographers have brought a lot of harmony to many different communities of the world at large through the theme contained in their works of art and for that we should not fail to appreciate their work even more. The photographer like any other person needs encouragement and the feeling of actualization and this is only possible if lots of his work is bought at a high rate and he gets more calls for the same.(Rosenblum, Naomi)The photographers have tried to a very large extent to encourage artistic growth and photography development to ensure that its not only them who stand to benefit but that generations to come will also appreciate and adopt what these great men and women of our land will have done and left behind for all to see. Many of these artists and photographers in particular have already started colleges and learning institutions where they are passing on the knowledge to other interested parties for the continuity, growth and development of this most dynamic field of photography. picture taking has really gone to a whole new level altogether this due to the competition that the photographers are giving each other and no one wants to be ruled out of the market and so everyone is doing all they can to emerge as the best and most demanded.A good example is like the move that photographers like Marcus have taken by coming up with photographs that document the history and development of say a certain state and put it in his work of art, this is so essential because most people generally hate the aspect of learning but since this will present itself as having fun and analyze some work of art, more people will be attracted to the same and this provides a chance for the to learn about the places they stay in and hence appreciate how far they have come and where they are headed.We can whence all accept that all photographers have done much to achieve greater things and heights at both individual, national and international level and so we cant let them go unnoticed and its the duty of each one of us to ensure that the photographers and other artists grow to the superlative heights by supporting them in they work.Finally is to all artists out there both the well known and who have the basis and those who are just starting the work and realizing their talent to keep up their work and even go the extra mile to give us more that we have not yet seen and are eagerly waiting for that and more.dissertation statementThe photographers have a bright future ahead if they keep up with the pace and ensure that research and technology development is filch on their agenda.Sources1.Rosenblum, Naomi. A World History of Photography. 3rd edition.New York Abbeville Press, 1997.2.Johnson, William. Nineteenth-century Photography An Annotated Bibliography, 1839-1879. Boston G.K. Hall, 1990.3.Roosens, Laurent, and Luc Salu. History of Photography A Bibliography of Books. London Mansell, 1989.4.Rosenblum, Naomi. History of Women Photographers. Updated and expand Edition. New York Abbeville Press, 2000.

Militarism: Iran & Nigeria Essay

Every state dreams of having constancy and structure to properly govern and get wind its citizens. All states wish that they feature such great structure, that every citizen of their country would be fully saved and looked after. However, there atomic number 18 some states that lack resources and are non resourceful to ensure the safety and well being of their citizens. Most states that offer solidness and organization more than likely have a strong multitude that have source at bottom the government, referring to militarism.The concept of militarism states that it is a strong force spirit or policy. A principle or policy of maintaining a handsome war machine establishment1. Militarism goes beyond the thought of defense and battleship, it refers to the amount of power a military has over or with a government. With militarism comes the excessive spend on military and the militarys ability to have radical control. Though is it important to have a strong relationship su rrounded by military and the government, Nigeria and Iran have two separate ways of intertwining the two in their states.Nigeria is known for its strong military presence within the government. The degree of militarism in Nigeria is high because of their past history being under noncombatant rule. During the firstborn forty eld of Nigerias independence, this state only lasted ten years under a civilian government. A few years after the downf completely of their civilian government, they soon fell under military rule. Nigeria has evermore been considered stronger and more power when they were controlled by their government, rather than following a democracy2 this exemplifies militarism.Although in Nigeria they tend to use their military to create a corruption within politics, other countries use their militaries for difference purposes. Iran has always had a mediocre military. Iran does non have a strong military, so their influence is of low have-to doe with on politics. The d egree of militarism in Iran is subtle because they mostly focus on working with the citizens directly, rather than trying to govern them.With a broken military, on the whole they have to offer is a societal impact. With the citizens of Iran, their military helps keep them in order while under governmental oversight. In Comparative Politics, it was stated, since the Moslem Revolution in 1979, the Iranian government has worked hard to maintain control of the military. Rather than a strong military and a weak civilian government, Iran had a weak and fractured military alongside a strong civilian political institutions3.Iran has always worked to fall under autonomy and flourish into a well developed independent state. There becomes a time where the military begins to overrule their government and take matters into their own hands. Currently, a lot of Nigerian citizens are realizing what has been going on for the past forty years and are starting to take action. In Iran, they continue to be content with civilians to regime their state, while the military stay under governmental watch to ensure that they do non do anything crazy.Both countries are lesser-developed countries, but when it comes to militarism, it all depends on what they citizens wish to fall under. Having a high degree of militarism is not always a good thing to have because the military having a heavy involvement in politics and disposal will not end well due to budgeting, defense, and a positive societal impact. When citizens outlive under the governance of people, rational decisions are made. When citizens live under the governance of the military, more than likely fear amongst each other arises.

Managing the Virus Hunters Essay

A-1 * Vincent use technical, human, conceptual skills to maintain an environment that encourages variation and professionalism among the virus hunter by recognizing his employees that can help the new overlap development of the company.* He know how to communicate, motivate and inspire his team * He understands the relationship of the companies subunits and visualizes how his thing fits into its broader.A-2 A. Vincent gyp the trouble role as he had weekly security briefing conference calls with co-workers around the world because as a manager he must had a lot of instruction that he must give or share to his co-workers and He must have always a new ideas regarding to virus that they had encounter so that his co-worker may also learn from him.B. Through this situation Vincent play decisional role because he assess the feasibility of adding network security consulting.C. in this case he is engaging and connecting to his employees by reminding them to kept focused n the companys c ommitment to the customer and this king of activities done by Vincent can be classified as interpersonal roles because he move and engaged with his employees.A-3 Symantec is a global leader in providing security, storage and systems management solutions to help our customers from consumers and small businesses to the largest global organizations secure and manage their information against much risks at more points, more completely and efficiently than any other company. Our companys unique focus is to eliminate risks to information, technology and processes self-directed of the device, platform, interaction or location.* Positioned for Growth * Protect completely * Manage intimately * Control automaticallyA-4 The managers learn the following from Vincent Weafer and Symantic approach* Every cadence in the companys growth we have expanded twain our technological expertise and our understanding of customer needs.* Ability to successfully incorporate internally developed with technologies we acquire has kept the companies at the front of its exertion and enabled them to provide best-of-breed solutions for millions of corporate and individual customers.

Poetry and Sonnet Essay

Sonnet by board collins is a great typesetters case of modern solar day praises. The sonnet has everything that a sonnet should acquire to be considered a sonnet. In this sonnet Bill Collins seems to criticize the sonnet form of Shakespeare. Also, in the sonnet of Bill Collins he puts umpteen allusions in his sonnets. For example, in the beginning of the sonnet where he mentions in an alliteration form in term 3 where you get the allusion of the story troy weight to launch a little get off on loves storm-tossed seas.The next allusion when he mentions A famous sonnet writer named Petrarch in broth 12, as well as the last(a) croak allusion motioned towards the end of the sonnet in line 13, where he mentions shake spears act asion called twelfth night.The first allusion in bill Collins sonnet is in the beginning of the poem. In this allusion he writes launch a little ship on loves storm-tossed seas. (Collins, sonnet line 3) Researching this line of the sonnet you find the phase to be the story of troy.According to idiom finder, the phrase of the line is a reference to the mythological figure Helen of troy weight Her abduction by Paris was said to be the reason for a put across of a thousand ships to be launched into battle, initiating the Trojan Wars. (Phrase finder, web) The idea of bill Collins adding this into the sonnet is because he is showing from the beginning of the sonnet the love of the poem, which is compulsory for an iambic pentameter.In the next allusion in the poem Sonnet by Bill Collins, he mentions Petrarch. According to Petrarch biography, Petrarch is an Italian poet who is best known for the Iyric rhyme of his Canzoniere named Lura and is considered one of the greatest love poets of world literature. (Your dictionary, web) In addition, according to hammer Sadlon, Lura was a marital woman.As a result, for being a married woman Lura would turn down all advances Petrarch had made towards her. (Sadlon, web) For this reason bill Co llins decided to add the allusion of Petrarch towards the Volta stage. This is because towards the end of Bill Collins sonnet, he wants to point out that Petrarch will never gain the love of his canzoniere.The final allusion Bill Collins writes take off those crazy medieval tights.( Collins, sonnet line 13) This line in the sonnet is reference towards Shakespeare act called Twelfth night. According to the summery of no sweat shake pear, Malvolio was teased into pose on tights by some tricksters, after believing the widowed queen could fall for him.(no sweat shakespear,web) In addition, at the end of the act Shakespeare speaks of the madness of love. As a result, bill Collins add this line to his sonnet to signal the ending of the sonnet.To conclude, Bill Collins poem called sonnet was filled with many allusion and is a perfect example of modern day poems. His work followed the rules of an iambic pentameter. It seemed like he criticized the poetry of Shakespeare but hitherto h e made meaning to the sonnet filled with love of former(a) acts, famous writers and sonnets.

Hasseltrom Essay

1.According to Hasselstrom, why does she carry a gun? In one sentence, re-start her rationale. She carries a gun for self-protection, which provides a personal measure of safety for her.2. hear the specific events that led to Hasselstrom to her decision to carry a gun. -Living alone in a deserted ara, being stopped on a span by 4 men, being harassed while camping with a friend, coming home one night when she thought that someone had been in her ho give.3. Other than carrying a gun, what means of protecting herself did Hasseltrom try? Why did she develop them unsatisfactory? Can you think of other strategies she could invite adopted alternatively of carrying a gun? -Deodorant spray cans (since mace was illegal), kung fu classes (would have to practice some(prenominal) hours a day to be considerably, and very good at self-defense). -She was very careful about her surroundings, the exactly thing else I could think of would be getting a roommate or moving to a safer place.4. Where is the show does Hasseltrom express her reluctance to carry a gun? -In dissever 25 when she says that the pacifist inside me will be saddened if the only way a woman can achieve equality is by carrying weapons.5. In paragraph 13, Hasselstrom says gun possession skill increase your danger-unless you know you can use it. Where else does she touch on the possible pitfalls of carrying a gun? -In paragraph 26 Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.6. What does Hasselstrom mean when she says, The pistol just changed the equilibrize of power (24)? -That even though a man might be stronger then she is, she aromas as strong as a man and more(prenominal)(prenominal) confident when she has her gun.PURPOSE AND AUDIENCE1.How does paragraph 1 establish Hasselstroms function for writing this show? What other purpose might she have? -That she is a peaceful non-violent woman, but wants to justify why she carries a gun. 2. What purpose does paragraph 5 serve? Is it necessary?-The purpose was to explain how precarious her town could be for a women, and she wanted to give a documentary life example of what could have happens even when you call for help and you are by yourself.3. Do you think this essay is aimed at a extra gender? If so, do you think it is directed at men or women? Why? -I think this essay is aimed more toward women. Everything she talks about seems same(p) it would appeals more toward women than men. 4. Do you think Hasselstrom expects her readers to agree with her position? Where does she indicate that she expects them to take exception her? How does she address this challenge? -No, I think she expects her readers to see her point of gain on the situation she is in.STYLE AND STRUCTURE1.This essay is written in the first person, and it relies heavily on personal experience. Do you see this as strength or a weakness? Explain. -I see this more as a weakness. She could have included statistics which would have made her essay more credible instead of relying only on personal experiences.2. What is the main antecedent in this cause and effect essay- that is, what is the most important campaign Hasselstrom gives for carrying a gun? Can you identify and contribution causes? -The most important reason she gives for carrying a gun would be the unfortunate dangerous situations that she has been in, and wanting a way to feel safe when she is by herself.3. Could you argue that simply being a woman if justification enough for carrying a gun? Do you think this is Hasselstrom position? Explain. -I personally cannot argue that just being a woman is reason enough to carry a gun, but I can relate to why she would want to. I believe from the experiences she has had, she has good reason to want a way to protect her.4. Think of Hasseltroms essay as the first step in a possible everyday chain. What situations might result from her decision to carry a gun? -She might feel threatened when there is actually no threa t being made, and might shoot an innocent person just on timbre scared.5. In paragraph 25, Hasselstrom says the pacifist inside me will be saddened if the only way a women can achieve equality is by carrying weapons. In her title and elsewhere in the essay, Hasselstrom characterizes herself as a peaceful women. Do you think she is successful in portraying herself as a peaceful-loving woman why only reluctantly carries a gun? -Yes, I do believe she is a peaceful person, who lives in a not so safe town, and who wouldnt carry a gun if she didnt feel she needed to.

Initial Public Offering Paper Essay

The focus of this paper is to examine and research the pay issues that an organization moldiness face when going earthly concern. The team has selected Chipotle Mexi disregard Grill, Inc. as the organization which has had an sign public offering in the last deuce-ace years. The learning team allow address registration, disclosure, and compliance issues and cost of issuance. In addition, the team give examine the impact on ownership check and return as well as the source and application of strains. funding Issues that an Organization Faces When Going PublicAn sign Public Offering (IPO), is extremely expensive for organizations. It is car rack upk for a small business to pay amid $50,000 and $250,000 to organize and publicize an offering. According to Paul G. Joubert, author of The Portable MBA in Finance and Accounting, IPO claims between 15 and 20 percent of the talk of the sale of line of reasoning (IPO Forum, 2008). Some other costs associated with going public inclu de lead underwriters commission, expenses for legal and accounting services, printing process costs and filing costs with the Securities and Exchange Commission ( second gear). Organizations may put angiotensin-converting enzyme over ongoing expenses for legal, accounting and filing services (IPO Forum, 2008).Issues alludeing Divid curiosity Policies and Constraints on Dividend PaymentsA devoted must examine all financing and investment issues before ascertain the proper payout of dividends for their organization. Some organizations opt to pay out little exchange dividends to reserve earnings for future expansion. It is ideal for an organization to start with smaller payouts, and act up with conservative dividends per sh atomic number 18. This payout decision is a result of the organizations capital budgeting decision.A nonher option for payout of dividends is to finance a large ploughshare of their capital expenditures. This will free up cash that the organization can pay out to shareowners. This payout decision is a result of the decision to absorb for the organizations growth (Brealey, Myers, and Marcus, 2007).ChipotleChipotle Mexican Grill, INC. is a fast-casual restaurant. It offers customers the quality aliment they would receive in a restaurant with fast-food style quickness. The graduation col was in 1993 by the founder and CEO Steve Ells. They serve very few things but claim to provide thousands of options. Their base choices are burritos, burrito bowls, tacos, and salads. Chipotles nuance is Food With Integrity which involves using unprocessed, seasonal, family-farmed,.naturally made, added hormone free, organic, and artisanal, in the words of Chipotle.com. Chipotle claims on that point products to better, all the way from dairy to meat. They only purchase from farms in which the animals are treated humanely and naturally raised. This philosophy has allowed Chipotle to grow from one fixture in 1993 to 670 in 2007 as well as com pete in the fastest growing industry in restaurants (Chipotle, 2008).Registration, Disclosure and Compliance IssuesChipotle filed a form S-1/A with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission on celestial latitude 23, 2003. Two securities were registered under the filing as follows Class A common deport, par value $0.01 per share, offered by the registrant and Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, offered by the foodstuffing shareholder.( Form S-1/A ,2005) Common stock offered by the registrant is at a Proposed Maximum compound Offering toll of $1 gazillion dollars and a registration remuneration of $11,770. The Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of the common stock offered by the selling shareholder is $49.5 million (over allotment selling to the underwriters, if any, factored in to total) with a registration fee of $5,296.50. A total of 78,78,788 shares is included in the IPO and broken level by 60,60,606 from Chipotle Mexican Grill, INC and 18,1 8,182 from McDonalds Ventures, LLC as the selling shareholder. Chipotle intends to list their common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol CMG and selling price is between $15.50 and $17.50 per share. (Form S-1/A ,2005)Disclosure is the release of relevant information. (Disclosure ,2008) In Chipotles SEC filing they disclosed the prospectus statement, fiscal data, and future plans. by dint of there prospectus statement Chipotle makes it clear that they are set unconnected from other chains by serving Food with Integrity.However, there are risks involved in investing, they are as follows the number of saucily stores rapidly being established, lack of independent operating history, ability to continue to grow and profit, and health and safety concerns regarding the ingredients used among others. Although the risk factors are in place, Chipotles financial data provides more assurance of returned profit on investment. In their Rapidly Improving Financial Performan ce section of the SEC filing they state a 130% increase in taxation in 2004 of 470.7 million up from 2002 and 49% up from 2003.And, average gross sales in new restaurants after 90 trading days change magnitude 24.9% a total of $303,390. From 2002-2004 Chipotle capable a total of 237 stores. Their increased financial growth is attributed to word-of-mouth sales and quicker implementation of Chipotle culture in the area of the new restaurant. Also, more people are aware of Chipotle, hence increasing average enterprisingness sales.( Form S-1/A ,2005)The future plans of Chipotle is to broaden operations and sales by opening new stores. They forecast opening a total of 75 stores in 2005 of which 58 were already opened at the time of the SEC filing. In order to expand sales they plan to implement an online method of ordering and increasing fax lines to settle heavier traffic without causing service to suffer. And, create new food options with existing ingredients. Through filing the SEC Chipotle is in compliance with the securities act of 1933 by means of rule 457 by following registration fee rules. (Compliance, 2008)Cost of upshotA company filing an IPO must select underwriters in order to issue their stock. The underwriters purchase the stock and sell it at a slightly higher price than what they bought it for. They are responsible for all shares allotted, not including over allotment, and are not reimbursed for shares not sold at initial offer price. Chipotles underwriters areMorgan Stanley & adenine Co. IncorporatedSG Cowen & Co., LLCBanc of America Securities LLCCitigroup Global Markets Inc.J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & SmithIncorporatedA.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc.RBC Capital Markets CorporationSunTrust Capital Markets, Inc.Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC(Form S-1/A ,2005)Chipotle Mexican Grill, INC. did not disclose the cost of issuance in the SEC filing.Impact on Ownership Control and ReturnChipotle had filed their IPO October 25th, 2005. Seeking $121.4 Million, Morgan Stanley and SG Cowen & Co., LLC they auctioned their shares. explain some of the details behind its highly anticipated stock offering, Chipotle estimated its market value to be as high as $121. 4 Million, Chipotle will remain majority owned by McDonalds Corp. (Chipotle.com, 2008).On its first day as a public company, Chipotle stock rose incisively 100%, closing at $44.00 per share. On September 8, 2006 McDonalds Corp. announce it had started an offer for its shareholders to exchange McDonalds stock for shares of Chipotle Mexican Grill. The exchange allowed McDonalds shareholders to acquire Chipotle shares at a 10 percent discount. The offer is crest at a level of 0.9157 Chipotle shares for each McDonalds share change owned by McDonalds Corporation. On October 13, 2006, McDonalds Corp. completed a tax-free swap of class B common stock in Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. (NYSECMG), for its own common stock. McDonalds Corp. has now fully divested its investment in Chipotle.Source and Application of FundsWhen it comes to an IPO, the initial funds come from an investment banking dissolute referred to as an underwriter. The underwriter provides the financial advice to the company, buys the stock from the company, and then resells it to the public. Depending on the size of the IPO and number of stocks being offered, the company may have one underwriter or multiple underwriters. Before the stocks can be sold, they must be registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The primary responsibilities of the SEC are to impose federal securities laws and to regulate stocks and the stock market. The company must also watch whether to trade the stocks on either the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ. This would be the secondary and future source of funds.When Chipotle decided to go public, they had 2 underwriting companies as their primary underwriters Morgan Stanley and SG Cowen & Co. LLC. Chipotle originally planned to sell 6.3 million shares at $15.50 to $17.50 per share but ended up changing at the last minute to 6.3 million shares at $22 per share. In the end the offering raised approximately $133M in primary capitalto fund new store growth.In conclusion, organizations must let in into consideration many financial issues and decisions when going public. Many of these financial issues will be ongoing, and have to be taken into consideration when determining dividend payout to shareholders.Reference(s)Brealey, R., Myers, S., and Marcus, A. (2007). basics of corporate finance. (5th ed.). University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved February 9, 2008 from University of Phoenix, rEsource, FIN325-Financial Analysis for Managers II Web site.Chipotle (2008) Chipotle.com Investor Relations. Retrieved on February 10, 2007 from,http//phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=194775&p=irol-homeProfile&t=&id=&Compliance (2008) Co mpliance Definitions. Retrieved on February 10, 2008 from, http//www.investorwords.com/5468/compliance.htmlDisclosure (2008) Disclosure definition. Retrieved on February 11, 2008 from,http//www.investorwords.com/1469/disclosure.htmlForm S-1/A (2005) Chipotle Mexican Grill. INC SEC Filing. Retrieved on February 10,2007 from, http//phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=194775&p=irol-sec&secCat01.1_rs=241&secCat01.1_rc=10Initial Public Offering Forum. (n.d.). Initial public offering. Retrieved February 11, 2008 from http//www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Inc-Mail/Initial-Public-Offerings.html

Athletic Leadership Development Program Essay

There is prominent need to develop efficient athletic management curriculums in laid-back schools. Apart from the fact that assimilators derive direct benefit from such programs, it is besides a good training resource since todays extravagantly school athletes pass on eventually take shape as tomorrows sports leading as coaches, trainers, athletic administrators, sports physicians, sports psychologists and other capacities (Lanasa, Ciletti & adenylic acid Lackman, 2005). lofty school is a very important stage in which students stool for the future by getting a good education, making friends and recruit in other activities such as athletics.It is unfortunate, that m some(prenominal) schools have take budget cuts that under provide for sports, taking the opinion that m superstary would be better spent on academics. Though it is right that academics come first, sacrificing graduate(prenominal) school sports is dangerous to the students eminent school experience as it af fects their strength to perform at optimum academic levels (Amorose & angstrom Horn, 2000). Sports be in any case an important component that helps students develop into well-rounded adults who give full benefits to the sphere at large. INTRODUCTIONThis paper go a bearing carry out a lit review to illustrate how a School gymnastic leading Plan works to give students full benefits. In ex exsion, the school as an institution also derives high levels of achievement and satisfaction from the same. It get out furnish how students with an interest in the field of training and treatment of athletes lot in effect be prep ared by the school athletic training programs. They are a perfect opportunity of gaining college and career preparation. These programs give an appropriate opportunity to the pretendment of information, certification, scholarships and networking for students (MacGregor, 2005).HOW TO DEVELOP A LEADERSHIP PROGRAM This section allow evaluate the leaders program a dopted by Wheeler towering School in Indiana. It presents a situation that is appropriate to most high schools where there are potentially good players but their hopes and targets fail to find due to lack of a well organized sports framework and leaders in the school. On evaluation of the progress and areas that need change, Snodgrass notes that the foremost problem was the lack of player leaders in the students squads coupled with the lack of precedential talent (2005).Borrowing from the aim adopted by this school, this paper will give guidelines on how a school athletic leading computer program can be developed. Structure of the program An effective leadership program should start by identifying players that can participate in the plan. For starters, the first shape could be made up of six senior and two junior students who would meet weekly for two to three hours over a ten week period (Snodgrass, 2005). In this period, they would they would participate in the curric ulum by carrying out the following Interaction They are pass judgment to visit and turn over one or two hours in the curriculum each shadow (Snodgrass, 2005).From this interaction, the head of the plan identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the selected aggroup by observing how they interact and how affiliated they are. This is the stage at which the leaders and those with skills valuable to the plan are identified. As they share ideas, hopes and aspirations, this pilot group can come up with an exquisite excogitation of the plan since they are better positioned to know what would work with their young buck student athletes and what would not. Activities strengthening core value The activities that strengthen core values are important as they set the plan in question with the rest of the student athletes.The pilot group of eight should each be assigned a group of student with which they carry out these activities. This could pass away in class for talk overions and by and by knowing each other, the group members should subscribe in out of class activities. Group leaders are expected to call incoming players and engage with them with an aim of getting to know them closely (University of Wisconsin, 2007). This is a very important step as the group leaders get in a position to identify strengths and weaknesses that might be hidden from the coaches and teachers.This enables the teams to avoid failures that commonly arise from the lack of proper judgement within the team. leading in youth camps The eight members of the pilot team should serve as counselor at the spend youth camp. They are expected to take up roles such as learn a position, coaching the team in flag football, running the punt-pass-kick contest etc (Young & Edmonson, 2010). It should involve activities such as story narrations to emphasize the importance of team playing. The plan should be sure to implement a youth pass camp.The Handbook of Organizational Consulting Psycholog y underscores the importance of such camps in the education of leadership plans. It is from such camps that the members emerge as a team spirit each other, with strong leadership and ready to work together (Fiedler, 2002). The supra activities lay the foundation on which the plan can be strengthened upon. After getting the required respective(prenominal)s to spearhead the program and the necessary team sprit, the plan can proceed into the next step in which it officially assembles the best ideas and strategies for the leadership program in form of a blueprint discussed in the following section.PLANNING THE BLUEPRINT Snodgrass defines a blueprint as the process of designing a leadership program in any field from start to finish (2005). It guides the implementation of the whole process and it gives guidelines on how to check progress and success levels. This paper will provide a blueprint that is divided into steps as follows footfall 1 tack together the planning team According to the program adopted by the Leigh University for the summer of 2007, the planning team should comprise all the key stakeholders to build a program that is acceptable campus wide (Fiedler, 2002).It is imperative to ensure that all individual stakeholders understand the importance of athletics in the life of the students. Teachers and other members of staff should be ready to sacrifice some academic hours in set out to bring the plan into track. In this university, the team consisted of coaches from the Athletic Department, administrators and student-athletes as well as staff from the Dean of Students Office to attain a healthy balance (Young & Edmonson, 2010). They should meet weekly to discuss the rest of the steps in the blueprint. measuring stick 2 Conducting a leadership auditThe leadership audit is a systematic assessment of leadership development opportunities at the institution and beyond. A complete audit involves both(prenominal) internal and external reviews and inventories all leadership opportunities (Lanasa, Ciletti & Lackman, 2005). Internal audit The information from this audit should find out whether there are other leadership initiatives on campus in which student-athletes can participate (). Fiddler finds that a good deal these programs are not designed to directly increase the value of the students leadership and do not fundamentally impact athletic competition as a whole(Amorose & Horn, 2000).There should be goal mount and skill building workshops that are conducive to the unique schedules of student-athletes and athletics surgical incision staff. External audit This involves researching specific leadership opportunities at other institutions. This should curiously look for leadership development programs and delivery options within other institutions (Robinson & mule driver, 2008). It can be done in neighboring schools that have super successful leadership development programs to identify crucial facets that can be adopted.It can also be done online or from other literature on the issue to set good standards for a comprehensive examination plan. Step 3 Identification of an anchor The anchor is another crucial aspect of the plan that should be in place. Young and Edmonson define it as the existing institutional purpose, outreach or reason that makes the programs efforts essential and justifies the investment funds of time, energy and resources to support the effort (2010). It helps in the acceptance of the plan since it does not appear as something totally alien. For fount the mission statement of Lehigh University isTo proceed erudition through the integration of teaching, research, and service to others (Young and Edmonson, 2010). To be in bicycle-built-for-two with the schools mission statement, the Lehigh Athletics Mission Statement could be made to capture that of the institute, e. g. Our mission in the Lehigh Athletics Department is to climb learning to develop leadership, and to foster personal growth through comprehensive athletics programming. (Young and Edmonson, 2010). This way, the plan manages to entrench itself within existing institutional goals and because all stakeholders can comfortably identify with it and work towards its implementation.As such, teachers for instance would drop their hard line stance towards the plan as they olfactory sensation it helps in academics. Step 4 Determining the scope The scope is the result of the leadership experience which encompasses aspects such as how deep the program will be embedded in institutional culture and the programmatic mission and learning objectives (Robinson & Skinner, 2008). The scope should be connected to the vision, mission, and learning outcomes of the schools sports department.Vision the plan should be aimed at cultivating a culture of leadership which encourages self-awareness, commitment to team playing, and emphasis on values and actions that enhance a good athletic experience. (Am orose & Horn, 2000) Mission the sports department should use the plan to complement and support the larger missions of the institution as a whole. This can be achieved with the use of the transformational leadership theory that enhances students leadership skills and understanding (Fiedler, 2002). It should accomplish a sense of community among al stakeholders charge on the value of positive leadership.Learning outcomes these are the benefits that the students should derive from participate in the Athletic lead Program. Firstly, they enhance their knowledge of basic leadership skills and principles. Others are interpersonal skills, integrity, peer motivation, self awareness and the value of change in every situation (University of Wisconsin, 2007). This will enhance their wellbeing in every field of life in school and beyond. Step 5 Shaping the philosophy A philosophy is important in defining an appropriate vision, mission and goals for a comprehensive Athletic Leadership Pr ogram.Robison and Skinner put forward two examples of philosophy that can be utilise to achieve this end. They do so by addressing the unique needs of student-athletes, teams and coaches (2008). The Transformational Leadership Theory is the primary philosophy in which the program is embedded. It describes a human body of action where both leaders and participants engage in a mutual, current process of raising one another to higher levels of motivation, moral reasoning, and egotism (Robinson & Skinner, 2008). This encourages collaboration and interdependence within participants by appealing to complaisant and community focused values.Principle-Centered Leadership Theory this theory is based on principle based leadership. Leaders are required to center their practices in natural based practices. Their values can only be effective if they remain true to these guiding principles, which are identified as continually learning, service-oriented, radiate positive energy, believe in other people, lead fit lives, see life as an adventure, are synergistic, and exercise for self-re youngal (Robinson & Skinner, 2008). Step 6 Selecting delivery framework These are the strategies and individuals to be used for teaching participants about leadership.This includes positional leaders and emerging ones. Positional leaders include coaches and captains who are directly responsible of development of athleticism in individual-student athletes which will ultimately lead them to winning championships (Fiedler, 2002). Emerging leaders include students fall in the program and those who have been it for a while and want to further their leadership skills. This way, the plan ensures that it has a never ending supply of talent and new leadership, i. e. it is sustainable. Step 7 Select Assessment and Evaluation StrategiesThis step ensures that well-educated assessment and evaluation tools will are available. It is recommended that the implementation of the blueprint is assessed after the first full year of implementation. The tools to be used for this assessment whitethorn include focus groups, student-athlete exit interviews, pre- and post-surveys, student-athlete post-season evaluations, etc (University of Wisconsin, 2007). This process is meant to explore needs, outcomes and satisfaction derived from the plan. expiration A School Athletic Leadership Plan like the one outlined above will go a long way in accomplishing a varied range of needs in the school.It clearly shows the need to implement an effective plan from which students can derive many benefits. The step by step process is imperative in creating a leadership program which is self sustaining and which is deeply rooted in the institutional goals and vision. This ensures that it is embraced by all. REFERENCES Amorose, A. J, and Horn T. S (2000). Intrinsic Motivation relationship with collegiate athletes gender, scholarship status, and perceptions of their coaches behavior. Journal of sport a nd exercise psychology. 22(1), 63 84. Fiedler, F. E (2002). proactive ways to improve leadership performance.Handbook of organizational consulting psychology, 76 105, San Francisco Jossey-Bass Lanasa, J. , Ciletti, D. and Lackman, R. (2005). plan a Model for Improved Outcomes Among Students- Athletes in Sports Education. Left Coast Press. Retrieved, sixth August, 2010<http//lcoastpress. metapress. com/index/6jp60m3240x253mm. pdf> MacGregor, G. M. (2005). Designing Student Leadership Programs Transforming the Leadership Potential of Youth. Youthleadership. com Robison, T. I and Skinner, T. (2008). The Athlete and the Grade Change. Cases in Educational Leadership. Retrieved, 6th August, 2010<http//jel.sagepub. com/cgi/content/ revoke/11/1/106> Snodgrass, S. (2005). Building a high school leadership program. Gale, Cengage Learning. University of Wisconsin. (2007). A Grounded Theory Of High Quality Leadership Programs Perspectives From Student Leadership Development Programs In Higher Education. Madison University of Wisconsin. Young, J. and Edmonson, S. (2010). High School Athletic Directors and Educational Leadership Traits A Conceptual Analysis of the Literature. Retrieved, 6th August, 2010<http//www. ncpeapublications. org/attachments/ article/33/m34613. pdf>

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder?

There is healthful bosom for single(a)s to get under virtuosos skin better-looking and to recollect a resplendent mate. Every day, peck spend time and m unrivalledy to capture beautiful. We whitethorn not be cognizant of it more everyplace we be likely to grow experienced or witnessed how people utilisation time and seem to admit insufficient time in making themselves beautiful. youthful siblings race to use the bathroom offset because a sibling takes an hour or more to prepare for school.A range of sweetheart overlaps clutter the bathroom cabinet or dresser with products used for different part of the corpse or for various purposes and use during the day and at night.Couples insistence for each one another(prenominal) to hurry up so they would beat rush hour barter and not be late for work. volume put on arrive at-up, s squander or brush their teeth while go in the motorway. Cosmetic cognitive process has become popular. These are just ex antiophthalmic partles of how people set time and money to check the crush of becoming beautiful. mantrap is also starchy removeation in looking for a teammate or chartering a mate. corporeal dishful is the initial determinant of attraction, which models an single(a)s interest in other individual. While perceptions of apricot depend on ain taste, brotherly acts freighter sweep wefts and outcomes.Even if a person finds someone attractive, if their friends or coadjutors disagree so chances are they depart not end up with that person. acceptation of a supply by their com looks is both important(p) to idiosyncratics. An interesting question is how far individuals hold kindly influences in selecting their spouses and how headspring social influences on witness standards in collaborator woof guarantee a unplayful birth. External Influences on Individual Perceptions of cup of tea Perceptions of saucer that individuals use in conclusion and selecting a associate depend on international influences.These external influences not exclusively affect ideas of a beautiful henchman unless also determine how well individuals meet the acceptable standards of a beautiful attendant. The media as determinant of standards of dish antenna. The media is a social institution that creates ideas of stunner and influences individual self-importance-perception (Engeln-Maddox & angstrom unitere Miller, 2008). The media is the biggest source of ideas of peach expressed with different venues such as mug magazines, television commercials or shows, and online programs. Mass ascendability led to the exposure and consumption of media by many people.Media also provides ideas of body delineation as a standard of dish aerial (Gallagher & adenylic acid Pecot-Hebert, 2007). Media changes the perception of individuals approximately themselves to progress people desire the paragon standards of demeanor and witness. A view on the shock of media towards focalization on appearance and hit of African American girls showed that the portrayal of wo men as sex objects led to the greater ken and focus on personalized appearance (Gordon, 2008). African American girls exposed to media depiction Black women as sex objects and who set themselves with the characters in the media developed greater focus on their appearance.Media also affects individual ideas of mantrap by causing individuals to make self-evaluations of their attractiveness. A research on the link mingled with media, body evaluation and perceptions of attractiveness of college men and women showed that those who had positive evaluations of their bodies relative to media holy persons perceived themselves as attractive while those who shunly measure outd their bodies report negative effects on their self-conceit (Tyler, Lopez & adenosine monophosphate Flores, 2009).The impact of media on individual ideas of lulu depends on internalization of ideal beauty and dissatis faction with ones body or looks. Internalization of ideal beauty means its acceptance and pursuit of this beauty standard (Dittmar, Halliwell & deoxyadenosine monophosphate Stirling, 2009). The internationalization of smooth models as ideal beauty influences decisions to endure a natural makeover that could include ornamental surgery (H look, 2007). Dissatisfaction with ones somatic appearance also reinforces the impact of the ideal beauty on body go steady and self-perception (Engeln-Maddox, 2006).Culture as determinant of standards of beauty. People give chase standards of beauty prevailing in the polish to which they intimatelyly associate (Englis, Solomon & Ashmore, 1994). Having coarse eyes, breasts or hips depends on the beliefs of what constitutes beauty in women. In Africa, having large hips is beautiful because it represents fertility. In Latin America, women with large hips are beautiful with beauty showcased in dances. Changes in the beauty norms also cause sh ifts in individual ideas of beauty.Standards of beauty within a cultural context are exemplified by patterns of consumption (Bloch & Richins, 1993). Different types of cosmetics, hair products, and beauty enhancement procedures are popular beauty commodities in different cultures. Innovations in product teaching, technological tools, and marketing strategies for these products are a continuous activity to create and meet demand. couples as determinants of standards of beauty. partners are agents of socialization (Campbell, 1980). Individuals ascertain about what constitutes beauty from fellows.Individual spatial relations and expressions towards beauty is a reflection of collective ideas of beauty. The conclusion of crosstie or identification with a associate concourse leads to a stronger influence on beauty standards (Campbell, 1980). A study on changing racial stereotypes through peer groups showed that exposure to positive stereotypes about African Americans led to the development of positive stereotyping by the group and its individual members (Tan et al. , 2001). People consider and adjust to the attitudes and beliefs of their peer groups on a number of issues including ideal beauty.Peers also influence perceptions of attractiveness of a potential mate. A study of social influences on social interaction showed that women were influenced by perceptions of their peers over the carnal attractiveness of men as shown by personal ratings that considered initial feedback from other women (Graziano et al. , 1993). Peer Pressure and Fear of Judgment as Drivers of Likes and Dislikes Peer groups affect individual likes and dislikes by influencing attitudes, beliefs and behaviors toward beauty and related aspects.Peer pressure and veneration of psyche are determinants of individual likes and dislikes. Peer pressure. Individuals are susceptible to persuasion in making decisions and doing actions depending on collective attitudes and behavior of peer s (G stakeevicius, Cialdini & Goldstein, 2008). If most or all peers adopt a similar attitude and behave similarly towards something, the extent of persuasive influence of peers is higher. Peer pressure refers to the mental strain experienced by individuals when canvass themselves with their peers (Daido, 2006).If there is a significant gap, then a person feels greater pressure to consider and adopt the super acid beliefs and practices of the peer group. Fear of judgment. Fear is an emotional claim that has a direct relationship with flagellum excludeance (Maner & Gerend, 2007). In peer groups, fear could emerge in the course of instruction of apprehensions over judgments from peers that affect acceptability and hold from the group as well as anticipation of conflict with the group. The fear drives individuals to avoid the cause of the fear.A way of avoiding the outcomes feared is to comply with group peer beliefs and activities. strong-arm and Inner Beauty Beauty coul d be visible or non-visible or both (Fatovic-Ferencic, Durrigl & Holubar, 2003) palpable beauty is somatic and observable by sight. Non-visible beauty refers to characteristics or values that may not be viewable but observable through constitution, attitudes, decisions and behaviors. Physical beauty and inner beauty are interrelate but one component could triumph the other. A person may be beautiful on the outside but not beautiful on the inside.While the common perception of beauty is as carnal attribute, beauty comprises the residuum between the visible and non- physiological components. Informed judgments. With beauty having physical and non-physical components, making judgments looks knowing someone first. A study on the length of acquaintance with consensus over personality judgments showed that the longer one knows and interacts with a person, the more accurate the personal judgment is with the consensus over the personality judgment (Biesanz, westerly & Millev oi, 2007).Time is a factor in knowing a person. Judgments on beauty, applications programme both physical and inner beauty, require time to know a person. Physical beauty can be judged presently found on first design but judgments on overall beauty require knowing the individual first. cognitive shore leave. Decision-making on career-changing personal matters such as having a relationship or selecting a partner are done individually. Although, external influences are important, people should learn to balance autonomous thinking with social influences.cognitive liberty is an important quality especially for unripened people and adults who face difficult life choices. This concept refer to the ability to evaluate ideas, express opinions, make decisions, use proportional estimations, and do self-evaluations (Beckert, 2007). Developing cognitive autonomy enables individuals to balance personal preferences with external influences. Self-efficacy. Individuals have varying needs and objectives. Although external feedback can help individuals, developing self-efficacy is important for individuals to make a plan and act to obtain their own goals.Individuals have a close understanding of what they want to achieve and self-efficacy is the factor that mediates planning and goal fulfillment (Lippke et al. , 2009). another(prenominal) people may not have the same extent of understanding of the persons goals and plans. The plan to enter into a relationship is achievable through self-efficacy. The on-going Study The study impart canvas the concept of beauty, including the distinction of inner and outermostmost beauty, based on the perspectives of a translator sample of senior students at the university.Views and experiences of the pressures of world beautiful and determination the undefiled partner based on standards of beauty go out also be gathered. The study entrust then determine the extent that individuals squeeze personal taste and social ideal s of beauty, specially peer influences, in finding the perfect partner and the extent that the balance contributes to the triumph in finding the perfect mate. Hypotheses 1. University students achieve greater balance between personal taste and social ideals of beauty in finding a life partner when beauty is considered as having inner and outer components.2. A balance between personal taste and social ideals of beauty contributes to the greater success in finding a partner. Method Participants The participants go out be 60 every which way selected senior students at the university, as distributed between males and females. ripened students are those before long enrolled and expected to graduate after complete the current semester and one more semester. Senior university students will be selected as participants because they are likely to encounter the issue of finding a perfect partner as they near graduation and while establishing their careers.Having males and females as par ticipants would determine any differences between perceptions of beauty, pressure of achieving beauty, and selection of the perfect life partner based on beauty. The participants have to contain with them two of their closest peers to provide an assessment of the physical attributes and perceived personality typology of partner choices. The selection of the respondents will be make by coordinating with the school cash register to identify senior university students. Of the list obtained, 30 males and 30 females will be randomly selected.They will be contacted to seek their allowance and schedule a session together with two of their closest friends to participate in the quasi-experiment and coiffe the questionnaire. Those selected who refused to participate will be replaced by randomly selecting from the list until 60 respondents are completed. Materials The data collection performer is a structured questionnaire with closed questions requiring the selection of a range of answe rs including yes/no, ranking a list of items, selecting a single answer from a given list, and rating based on extent of agreement or disagreement.The questions or statements cover the four topics on concept of beauty, pressures of being beautiful, finding a lifetime partner based on personal and/or peer ideas of beauty, and extent that personal and/or peer ideals of beauty contribute to the success in finding the perfect partner. Procedure The quasi-experiment will fit with the selected participants going over pictures with basic reading and personality descriptions of thirty men for women participants and thirty women for male participants. The graduation pictures of individuals wearing togas will be taken from yearbooks to control other visual factors such as clothing.The pictures will be selected to consider diverse physical and personality attributes based on the yearbook descriptions. The respondents will be asked to select one person from the set of pictures as a potential partner. They will rate the physical attributes and perceived personality traits of the person in the picture. Their friends will view the pictures, select one picture they think is the perfect partner for their friend, and rate the physical features and perceived personality type. The participant will be shown the choice of their peers and explanations for the choice.The participants are given the chance to nail down whether to retain their choice or select the choice of their peers. Regardless of their choice, the participants will be asked to answer the questionnaire. The responses will be analyze using descriptive statistics to summarize responses, t-test to determine differences in responses as influenced by gender, and correlational statistics to determine the relationship between variables. References Beckert, T. (2007). Cognitive autonomy and self-evaluation in adolescence A abstract investigation and instrument. North American journal of psychology, 9(3), 579-594.Biesa nz, J. , West, S. , & Millevoi, A. (2007). What do you learn about someone over time? The relationship between length of acquaintance and consensus and selfother agreement in judgments of personality. diary of Personality and Social psychology, 92(1), 119-135. Bloch, P. , & Richins, M. (1993). Attractiveness, adornments, and exchange. Psychology & Marketing, 19(6), 467-470. Campbell, B. (1980). A theoretical approach to peer influence in adolescent socialization. American daybook of Political Science, 24(2), 324-344. Dittman, H. , Halliwell, E. , & Stirling, E.(2009). Understanding the impact of thin media models on womens body-focused affect The roles of thin-ideal internalization and weight-related self-discrepancy activation in experimental exposure effects. ledger of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(1), 43-72. Engeln-Maddox, R. (2006). Buying a beauty standard or woolgather of a new life? Expectations associated with media ideals. Psychology of Women Quarterl y, 30(1), 258-266. Engeln-Maddox, R. (2008). Talking back to the media ideal The development and validation of the critical processing of beauty images scale.Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32(1), 159-171. Englis, B. , Solomon, M. , & Ashmore, R. (1994). Beauty before the eyes of beholders The cultural encoding of beauty types in magazine advertising and music television. daybook of Advertising, 23(2), 46-94. Fatovic-Ferencic, S. , Durrigl, M. , & Holubar, K. (2003). Beauty Soul or surface?. diary of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2(2), 82-85. Gallagher, A. , & Pecot-Hebert, L. (2007). You need a makeover The social building of female body image in A Makeover Story, What Not to Wear, and Extreme Makeover.Popular Communication, 5(1), 57-79. Gordon, M. (2008). Media contributions to African American girls focus on beauty and appearance Exploring the consequences of sexual objectification. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32(1), 245-256. Graziano, W. , Jensen, Campbell, L. , Shebilske , L. , & Lundgren, S. (1993). Social influence, sex differences, and judgments of beauty putt the interpersonal back in interpersonal attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(3), 522-531. Griskevicius, V. , Cialdini, R. , & Goldstein, N. (2008).Applying (and resisting) peer influence. MIT Sloan Management Review, 49(2), 84-88. Heyes, C. (2007). Cosmetic surgery and the televisual makeover A Foucauldian feminist reading. Feminist Media Studies, 7(1), 17-32. Lippke, S. , Wiedmann, A. , Ziegelmann, J. , Reuter, T. , & Schwarzer, R. (2009). Self-efficacy moderates the mediation of intentions into behavior via plans. American Journal of Health Behavior, 33(5), 521-529. Maner, J. , & Gerend, M. (2007). Motivationally selective risk judgments Do fear and curiosity rising the boons or the banes?.Organizational Behavior & benevolent Decision Processes, 103(2), 256-267. Tan, A. , Tan, G. , Avdeyeva, T. , Crandall, H. , Fukushi, Y. , Nyandwi, A. , Chin, H. , Wu, C. , & Fujioka, Y. (2001). Changing negative racial stereotypes The influence of normative peer information. The Howard Journal of Communications, 12(3), 171-180. Tyler, K. , Lopez, S. , & Flores, L. (2009). The media, body evaluation, and perceptions of physical attractiveness among college-aged women and men. Psi Chi Journal of Undergraduate Research, 14(1), 25-33.